218 research outputs found
Super-resolving phase measurements with a multi-photon entangled state
Using a linear optical elements and post-selection, we construct an entangled
polarization state of three photons in the same spatial mode. This state is
analogous to a ``photon-number path entangled state'' and can be used for
super-resolving interferometry. Measuring a birefringent phase shift, we
demonstrate two- and three-fold improvements in phase resolution.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Searches for Gravitational Waves from Binary Neutron Stars: A Review
A new generation of observatories is looking for gravitational waves. These
waves, emitted by highly relativistic systems, will open a new window for ob-
servation of the cosmos when they are detected. Among the most promising
sources of gravitational waves for these observatories are compact binaries in
the final min- utes before coalescence. In this article, we review in brief
interferometric searches for gravitational waves emitted by neutron star
binaries, including the theory, instru- mentation and methods. No detections
have been made to date. However, the best direct observational limits on
coalescence rates have been set, and instrumentation and analysis methods
continue to be refined toward the ultimate goal of defining the new field of
gravitational wave astronomy.Comment: 30 pages, 5 Figures, to appear in "Short-Period Binary Stars:
Observations, Analyses, and Results", Ed.s Eugene F. Milone, Denis A. Leahy,
David W. Hobil
A combined analysis technique for the search for fast magnetic monopoles with the MACRO detector
We describe a search method for fast moving ()
magnetic monopoles using simultaneously the scintillator, streamer tube and
track-etch subdetectors of the MACRO apparatus. The first two subdetectors are
used primarily for the identification of candidates while the track-etch one is
used as the final tool for their rejection or confirmation. Using this
technique, a first sample of more than two years of data has been analyzed
without any evidence of a magnetic monopole. We set a 90% CL upper limit to the
local monopole flux of in the
velocity range and for nucleon decay
catalysis cross section smaller than .Comment: 29 pages (12 figures). Accepted by Astroparticle Physic
Final results of magnetic monopole searches with the MACRO experiment
We present the final results obtained by the MACRO experiment in the search
for GUT magnetic monopoles in the penetrating cosmic radiation, for the range
. Several searches with all the MACRO sub-detectors
(i.e. scintillation counters, limited streamer tubes and nuclear track
detectors) were performed, both in stand alone and combined ways. No candidates
were detected and a 90% Confidence Level (C.L.) upper limit to the local
magnetic monopole flux was set at the level of cm
s sr. This result is the first experimental limit obtained in
direct searches which is well below the Parker bound in the whole range
in which GUT magnetic monopoles are expected.Comment: 12 pages, Latex, 9 figures and 2 Table
Matter Effects in Upward-Going Muons and Sterile Neutrino Oscillations
The angular distribution of upward-going muons produced by atmospheric
neutrinos in the rock below the MACRO detector show anomalies in good agreement
with two flavor neutrino-mu ==> neutrino-tau oscillations with maximum mixing
and Delta m**2 around 0.0024 eV**2. Exploiting the dependence of magnitude of
the matter effect on oscillation channel, and using a set of 809 upward-going
muons observed in MACRO, we show that the two flavor neutrino-mu ==>
neutrino-sterile oscillation is disfavored with 99% C.L. with respect to
neutrino-mu ==> neutrino-tau.Comment: 7 pages 4 figures Submitted to Physics Letters
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